The Bible

The Bible › Numbers

Numbers 12

1Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses because of the Cushite woman he had married, for he had married a Cushite woman.

2They said, “Has Yahweh spoken only through Moses? Has he not spoken through us too?” Yahweh heard.

3Now the man Moses was very humble, more than anyone else on the face of the earth.

4Suddenly Yahweh said to Moses, Aaron, and Miriam, “Come out, all three of you, to the tent of meeting.” The three of them came out.

5Yahweh came down in a pillar of cloud and stood at the entrance of the tent. He called Aaron and Miriam, and both of them came forward.

6He said, “Hear my words: If there is a prophet among you, I, Yahweh, make myself known to him in a vision; I speak with him in a dream.

7It is not so with my servant Moses. He is faithful in all my house.

8I speak with him mouth to mouth, plainly, not in riddles, and he beholds the form of Yahweh. Why, then, were you not afraid to speak against my servant, against Moses?”

9Yahweh’s anger burned against them, and he departed.

10When the cloud withdrew from above the tent, there was Miriam with a defiling skin condition, like snow. Aaron turned toward Miriam, and there she was, with the skin condition.

11Aaron said to Moses, “Please, my lord, do not lay on us the sin we have foolishly committed.

12Please do not let her be like a dead child coming out of its mother’s womb with half its flesh eaten away!”

13Moses cried out to Yahweh, “God, please heal her, please!”

14Yahweh said to Moses, “If her father had merely spat in her face, would she not bear her shame for seven days? Let her be shut outside the camp for seven days, and afterward she may be brought back.”

15Miriam was shut outside the camp for seven days, and the people did not set out until Miriam was brought back.

16Afterward the people set out from Hazeroth and camped in the wilderness of Paran.

Translation notes 4

12:1 — The Cushite woman. Cush commonly refers to the region south of Egypt, broadly ancient Nubia. The verse does not name the woman, identify her with Zipporah, say when the marriage occurred, or explain the precise objection. Those details are not inserted.

12:3 — Humble. The recorded reading tradition supplies the vocalized form understood as “humble.” The written spelling lacks one letter. “Afflicted” or “miserable” has been proposed, but the context of Moses not defending his authority supports “humble.” An unpointed Samaritan spelling alone does not establish a separate pronunciation.

12:6–8 — Speech and sight. The syntax introducing a prophet is compressed; the sense is ordinary prophetic revelation by visions and dreams, contrasted with Moses’ direct speech. “Mouth to mouth,” “my house,” and Yahweh’s “form” retain the source’s images.

12:10–15 — Miriam’s condition. The Hebrew term denotes a defiling skin condition, not a confirmed diagnosis of modern leprosy. “Like snow” describes its striking appearance. The source recounts Aaron’s plea but Miriam’s exclusion, followed by the whole camp waiting for her.